Packetizing Voice Transmission,

Switching, and Signaling Introduction to the VoIP Standards Time Division G.711 Pulse Code Modulation Compare u-law and A-law Transmission in VoIP networks The 20 millisecond Voice Packet The 60 ms Voice Packet The Voice Packet Header Voice Packet Analysis Voice Packet Analysis: Other Voice Packet Sample Sizes Introduction to Packet Switching The ISO OSI Reference Model Addressing Sample RTP Packet Packet Switching Voice Compression CODECS Linear Predictive Coding G.729 CS-ACELP Calculating Bandwidth: Calculate Overhead First Calculating Bandwidth: Calculate Payload Next Payload and Overhead Equals Total Bandwidth TCP/IP Review Transmission Control Protocol vs. User Datagram Protocol Connection-Oriented Protocol (Transmission Control Protocol) TCP Slow Start Congestion Window Size Behavior TCP/IP Packet Format and Operation Connectionless Protocols (User Datagram Protocol) UDP Packet DHCP (Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol) DNS Basic Method of DNS Resource Records Multicast Multicast Support for Emerging VoIP Applications Unicast, Broadcast, and Multicast Addresses Compared Multicast Looks Like Broadcast on Layer 2 Multicasting with and without IGMP Snooping The traceroute Command Internet Control Message Protocol Technique LDAP Real-Time Transport Protocol Real-Time Transport Protocol Architecture Real-Time Transport Protocol and RTP Control Protocol RTP Ports Some RTP Uses RTP Profile Payload Types NTP vs. RTP Timestamp RTP Timestamps RTP Timestamps and Silence Suppression RTP Timestamps and Jitter Calculation Mixers Synchronization Source Mixers Add Contributing Source Fields RTP Header UDP Packet with RTP Header and Voice Required Fields Version Padding Bit Extension Bit CSRC Marker Bit Payload Type Sequence Number Timestamp SSRC RTP Related Standards SSRC Call Stacking: The Key to Efficiency RTP Related Standards RTCP RTCP QoS: Round Trip Delay Calculation Sender Reports Receiver Reports Source Descriptions Source Description Items Other RTCP Packets Technology Necessary to Make VoIP Successful Controlling Delay Sources of Delay Coder Processing Delay (Think Time) Algorithmic Delay (Look Ahead) Packetization Delay Serialization Delay Queuing Delay Network Switching Delay: MIQ Ratings Controlling Jitter Jitter Buffer Delay Latency Example without LFI Multilink PPP with LFI LFI Function Interleaving on a Gigabit Ethernet Link Latency Example with LFI LFI Matrix Controlling Serialization Delay Perfect Candidate for LFI and RTP Header Compression RTP Header Compression Process RTP Header Compression Format Controlling Queuing Delay Low Latency Queuing Connection Admission Control RSVP East Path and West Reserve Messages RSVP is Half Duplex RSVP West Path and East Reserve Message RSVP Reservation Established RSVP Synchronization QoS before the Phone Rings Differentiated Services RFC 2474 IP Type of Service Field IP ToS Field Becomes the DSCP Inline Power Virtual Private Networks Message Privacy VPN Tunnel Echo Control H.323 System Architecture H.323 Components H.323 Umbrella Standard H.323 Terminal Equipment H.323 Gateway MCU Controlled Transcoding Terminal Type Identifiers for H.323 Master/Slave Determination H.323 Protocols H.323 Voice over Internet Protocol Packet Trace Gatekeeper Control Gatekeeper Discovery Multicast Method Gatekeeper Multicast Filtering GCF RRQ All Components Must Register if a GK Is Utilized Gatekeeper Direct Endpoint Routing Example: ADMISSION REQUEST ADMISSION CONFIRM SETUP CALL PROCEEDING Called Party ADMISSION REQUEST Called Party ADMISSION CONFIRM ALERTING CONNECT Direct Endpoint Signaling Gatekeeper Controlled Routing Gatekeeper Controlled Routing Example Gatekeeper Routing across Multiple Zones Fast Start Fast Start Procedure Qos and H.323 RSVP Synchronization QoS before the Phone Rings Session Initiation Protocol SIP Architecture IETF Standards SIP vs. H.323 SIP and Other Protocols SIP Naming Standard SIP Methods (Requests) SIP Response Codes SIP Uniform Resource Indicators SIP Components SIP Registration SIP Protocol SIP Proxy Server Example SIP INVITE Via Field Via Operation Loop and Spiral Detection Routing of Subsequent Requests Max-Forwards SIP Dialog (Formerly Call Leg) Command Sequence Contact Content SDP: RFC 2327 Negotiating the Session 180 Ringing 200 OK SIP Reliability SIP Reliability on Invite SIP Reliability on BYE Stateful vs. Stateless Hop-by-Hop vs. End-to-End Stateful vs. Stateless Proxies SIP Mobility SIP Redirect Server SIP Forking CANCEL SIP Products Cisco SIP IP Phone: Model CP7960 Pingtel Xpressa SIP Phone RTSP RTSP: RFC 2326 RTSP Decode Sample Audio/Video Mail Integration with RTSP, SIP, and E-mail for Call Centers Gateway Protocols Introduction to Gateway Control Protocols Session Initiation Protocol vs. Softswitch (MGCP and MEGACO) MEGACO and H.248 Total Decomposition of the CO Switch Move All Dial-Peers to the MGC Why MEGACO? MEGACO Cost Savings MEGACO: Why Not? MEGACO: A Transitional Strategy MEGACO Architecture MEGACO Access Gateway Architecture Traditional TDM Trunking MEGACO Trunk Gateway Architecture MEGACO Connection Model MEGACO Protocol Packages Equal Interoperability Package Examples DigitMaps MEGACO Commands MEGACO Transactions MEGACO Protocol Example Gateway Protocol History Internet Protocol Device Control Simple Gateway Control Protocol MGCP Media Device Control Protocol H.GCP MEGACO H.248 Agreement between MEGAGO and ITU SG16 Network Security Firewall Architecture What Is a Firewall? The Weakness of Firewalls The Demilitarized Zone Categories of Firewalls Packet Filter SYN Attack: Denial of Service SYN Attack: Stateful Firewall Protection The Architecture of Proxy Servers NAT NAT Fails on Real-Time Transport Protocol Firewall Vendors Commercial Firewalls Implementing VoIP Cisco AVVID: Architecture for Voice, Video, and Integrated Data Avaya MultiVantage Avaya Retrofits the G3R Nortel Networks Succession CSE 1000 Nortel Networks ITG and Succession Media Services Cards Nortel Networks Business Communications Manager.

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